The founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1600 to 1868.

A constitution of England, Scotland and Ireland. It was the first written constitution in the English-speaking world.

An English military and political leader & later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, & Ireland. He was a Puritan.

The first permanent English settlement in the Americas, founded in 1607, started an immigration revolution.

Dutch artist; the most prominent painter and etcher of the 1600s.

Longest-reigning Chinese emperor ever. His reign brought about long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos.

England’s first full-time professional army. It was politically independent, had great discipline, and was very religious.

English philosopher that believed people had natural rights and they had the right to overthrow and replace a despotic ruler.

A series of wars principally fought in Central Europe (1618-1648), involving most of the countries of Europe.

Frenchman who founded New France and Quebec City in 1608; made the first accurate map of the Canadian & New England coasts.

Chinese chieftain that unified many tribes into a single people called the Manchus which established the Qing Dynasty.

The English Parliament from 1640-1660 that was controlled by Puritans; limited the absolute monarchy in England.

English philosopher that is a founder of modern political philosophy from the perspective of a social contract theory.

Major war of the late 1600s fought between France and a European-wide coalition, the Grand Alliance.

Frenchman that explored the entire length of the Mississippi River, claiming all the land touched by the river for France.

Co-founder of the Empire of Ashanti; great military leader; defeated neighboring peoples & developed a unified kingdom in W. Africa.

Remnants of the House of Commons from 1640-1648. It abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords in 1649.

He sailed for Holland & charted much of the coast of eastern North America; explored present-day New York & Delaware areas.

When James II was deposed and his daughter and her Dutch husband took over the monarchy in England in 1688.

French clergyman, noble, and statesman. He was King Louis XIII's chief minister, considered to be the world's first Prime Minister.

The Mogul Empire reached its greatest territorial extent under his rule but his policies of persecution seriously weakened it.

Royalist supporters during the English Civil War & supporters of the Parliament during the English Civil War.

The most powerful trading company that dominated trade in southern Asia in the 1600s.

A series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years’ War; made boundary changes that affected Western Europe for centuries.

Outstanding Mogul emperor of the 1600s. He had the Taj Mahal built.