Italian that explored the Caribbean four times for Spain. His voyages inspired Europe to explore the New World.

The breakaway of many groups from Catholicism and their formation of a variety of denominations.

Widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist.

Commercial network that involved trade among America, Africa, and Europe.

Folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. She was burned at the stake for heresy.

Italian explorer for whom America was named because he realized the recently explored lands were a new continent.

Major reform effort in the Catholic Church to create a more spiritual outlook in the church.

Italian artist who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. He is considered one of the greatest artists of all time.

Economic activities based on trade and commerce featuring private ownership, free enterprise, free competition, and profit motive.

English philosopher that believed people had natural rights and they had the right to overthrow and replace a despotic ruler.

English explorer & navigator sailing for Holland that charted much of the coast of eastern North America.

German that challenged Catholic Church corruptions and beliefs, thus beginning a split within the religion.

Dutch artist; the most prominent painter and etcher of the 1600s.

Academic disciplines that study people’s conditions, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative.

The greatest of all Frankish kings, he was the first emperor of western Europe since Roman times.

French navigator & explorer who founded New France and Quebec City in 1608.

Religious radical that believed all men were predestined to eternal salvation or damnation.

French philosopher, called “the Father of Modern Philosophy.”

An Indian structured system of social stratification and restriction. The segregations have been the source of much discontent.

An English military and political leader & later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, & Ireland.

Important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, responsible for European worldwide explorations.

Protestant group that wanted to purge some beliefs and refine some beliefs of the Church of England. They settled in Massachusetts.

Mongol leader that took over India in the late 1300s. He also conquered the entire Middle East.

The long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire.

King of Sweden (1611-1632). He led Sweden to military supremacy. One of the greatest military commanders of all time.